Fasting is as popular today as it has been in the history of
humanity. Today people are fasting for health reasons and for spiritual
growth and experience. But it seems that people are more weight
conscious today than they have ever been, and many are fasting to lose
weight. In Islam, fasting has its own special meaning—a meaning that is
natural in the religion.
It is a meaning that is understood by religious
people all over the world who truly practice divine worship.
Fasting in Islam is no new institution or new practice. With the
following quotation from the Holy Quran, we can see that Prophet
Muhammad, to whom the Quran was revealed, did not at any time claim to
be offering any new fundamental teachings in religion to the religious
world:
"O
ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to
those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint, . . ." Holy
Qur’an; Sura II Verse 183
This verse clearly tells
us that fasting was prescribed in other revealed books before the
revelation of the Holy Quran to Prophet Muhammad of Arabia (upon whom be
peace), and that fasting is no new institution for the religious world.
The proper practice of fasting in religion has withstood many threats
to take it over and to corrupt it.
Dualism has threatened the
meaning of the fast in religion. Also it has been threatened by the
belief that the carnal life should be punished. Today, in our time, it
is somewhat threatened by vanity. People who are selfish and vain take
up the fast only as a passing fad and they fast to present or to keep
themselves physically attractive.
No dualism is in Islam. In Islam, creation is one, Creator is One, and that creation of the Creator is His wonderful works.
We
do not fast to merely fight the enemies of the spiritual man. We fast
to fight the enemies of the total man. We fast for God's pleasure. While
fasting we are conscious of the need to appreciate and to respect both
man and the outer world as’ creation of the Almighty God. Those who are
to fast during the month of Ramadan are those Muslims who are physically
able, who are adults, and who have sound minds.
Both male and
female are to fast. However, during the period called the menses, the
women are exempt but they are to make up an equal number of missed days
when the period is over. By this, the sister is able to continue her
fast and complete 30 days of fasting.
Fasting is among the
discipline practices in Islam. The entire month, day and night hours is
given to the forceful self-discipline. The habit-formed life that is
called by us “daily routine” usually allows moral sleep and too much
selfish indulgence.
Ramadan fast is enforced as a periodic
adjustment in our lives for proper human balance. It follows the lunar
calendar. The book by Muhammad Hamidullah titled "Introduction to Islam"
on page 59, section 173 reads:
"The
fast extends over a whole month and, as is known, it is the purely
lunar month that counts in Islam. The result is that the month of
fasting (Ramadan) rotates turn by turn through all the seasons of the
year (autumn, winter, spring and summer) and one gets accustomed to
these privations in the burning heat of summer, as well as the chilling
cold of winter."
I have quoted from Hamidullah on
fasting because I find it very significant that Ramadan is regulated;
that is, this calendar is regulated by the lunar phases. Islam is a
universal religion and a religion recognizing Divine: that is the Divine
plan and the Divine law working throughout the creation.
With
the discipline of the inner body, Muslims read 1 /30th of the Holy Quran
each day so as to complete the Quran over this 30 day month fast
period. Those who are unable to read should get with one who can read
and repeat to oneself so that only the reader's voice is heard on a
pleasing but moderate sound level, thus keeping the practice of Prophet
Muhammad (on whom be peace).
Many Muslims complete the recitation
with the prescribed daily prayers within the 30 day period. Such very
outstanding reciters of the Holy Quran are rewarded the title "Hafis."
One booklet talking about prayer says that the Muslim prayer service is un-equaled.
Study
the Muslim's way of worship and you will agree with me that there is no
better way of Divine worship. Why? For one thing, the Muslim always
washes himself before communicating with God (God). In other words, he
first cleans his own body and then invites the clean holy spirit to come
into his body.
That is the best state of body, as well as of mind, in which to say one's prayer.
Among
the things to avoid during the fast period is the tendency to be
spiritually idle or morally absent minded and the lazy tendency to miss
daily prayers with no acceptable excuse. Also, avoid the self-righteous
tendency and the self-enrichment spiritual efforts which overlook the
crying needs sounding out in others near and distant. And avoid the
desire to see God over the human need to emulate the Divine attributes
as a worshipful and obedient slave (servant).
As many of you
know, among those things to abstain from during the daylight hours of
Ramadan are the taking of anything into the mouth such as food or drink;
carnal or physical pleasures ,with wife or husband during the daylight
hours; mental mastication, which responds to the above appetites. It is
permissible to be with one's wife or husband during the night hours.
The
fact that the entire month of Ramadan is a month of strenuous
discipline should be constantly among our thoughts on God's pleasure,
which serves to increase the growth and human excellence.
Every
one of you who is present at your home during that month should spend
it in fasting. But if anyone is ill or on a journey, the prescribed
period should be made up later. God intends every facility for you. He
does not want to put you through difficulty. He wants you to complete
the prescribed period and to glorify Him in that He has guided you and,
perchance, you shall be grateful.
The whole month of Ramadan is a month of fasting.
During
this month period, Muslims are not to overeat, over drink, oversleep,
or overindulge for selfish pleasure. Your daily meal should be the meal
of a poor person.
Muslims should sacrifice time from their usual
past-times of pleasures to give time to Islamic growth. The extra time
is to be spent praying, reading the Quran, and helping the propagation
(spread) of Islam.
If you eat expensive cuts of meat, etc., you
will miss one of the important benefits of the fast, which is to bring
to your mind the hardships of the less fortunate ones in our community
so that we will be aware and more sympathetic to the needs of others.
The
Ramadan fast has been divinely ordered by God. If you deviate in any
way from the strict instructions, you break the fast. You are to eat
after sunset prayer time and you are to take light food before morning
prayer time. During the daylight hours, you are to abstain from, food,
drink, sex, and non-Islamic activities.
If you fast in excess of
the stated time (hours) for fasting (eating every other day or missing
whole days), you are ignoring the discipline of the fast. Then you are
guilty of setting up and following your own rules, thus breaking the
fast. It is not how much or how long you can fast, it is how well you
can follow the guidance of God.
Any food that is "halal"
(permissible) for consumption in the Holy Quran is permissible to eat
during Ramadan. Remember, however, that it is expected for you to stay
away from expensive food, or "rich people's food."
The thoughts
of all Muslims should constantly be on God during the Ramadan season.
You should show the love and the unity that we have as brothers and
sisters.
Loudness of voice (talk), excessive talk, gossip, and aggravating others is strictly forbidden during the fast.
Fasting,
or abstaining from food and drink, is easy if you keep your mind on
something that is worthwhile. During Ramadan, the Muslim keeps his mind
or her mind on things that are valuable, important, good, and clean.
If
you don't keep your mind on God and on the higher values of life,
fasting will be hard for you. If you keep your mind on God, on the
higher values of life, and read the Holy Quran as we have suggested in
our articles fasting will not be that difficult for you.
Remember,
the Ramadan fast is not just a fast of physical food; it is a fast of
the whole human body (whole human being). It is not just a fast for
spiritual benefit; it is a fast for the benefit of the total
person-physically, spiritually, mentally.
In keeping your mind on
God and the higher values of life, force yourself to take time from
something you have been doing during the day (listening to the radio,
watching television, etc.) and read the Holy Quran.
The great
benefit of fasting is the development of self-mastery. It is hard for us
to make ourselves do what we know is good for self and others because
we are weak. Prayer, right thinking, and fasting helps us to overcome
this weakness. Fasting gives us the strength to overcome the drive of
physical hunger.
Almost the whole life of the animal world is
ruled over by the drive to overcome hunger. That is the drive of the
flesh for something to satisfy the flesh. If you can control that very
powerful drive, it not only gives you the power to with-stand the flesh,
but it helps you in every way because everything in the universe is
related. The body affects the mind, the mind affects the body, morality
is affected-all these things influence each other.
In the Holy Quran, God says that fasting is for Him.
The power of hunger drives animals and humans to kill and to eat other
animals. Yet the Muslim man and woman lives with that hunger, denies it,
and moves about peacefully without grumbling. It drives an animal mad,
but the Muslim is spiritual and happy containing it.
The Muslim
on the Ramadan fast thanks God and reflects on the wisdom and the beauty
of God. With the hunger that drives the world mad the Muslim acts as
though he is in heaven. Under the power of God and under the power of
His truth, the Muslim thinks on God's wonders, on the truth of creation
that supports the heavens and on the design and the order of creation.
By
thinking on God's great wonders, we are kept powerful and very much
alive. Our mind (the inner being) is awakened and it makes us stand up
independent of the outer body. Though the outer body is crying for food,
the inner being can't hear it. It has separated itself from the outer
body and it is living in the world of the higher form then.
This
kind of fasting should not be done for extensive periods of time. We are
just to fast during Ramadan through the daylight hours. If you fast for
more than that time, you have broken the fast. As long as we are free
to do things as we want to do them, we will destroy the benefit of
discipline and order. Take the Ramadan fast exactly as it is prescribed
and you will get the benefit.
At the end of Ramadan, those who
have kept the fast will receive their benefits very soon. Not only will
you see a change in your personal life, but you will also see a change
in the community of Islam.
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